By shotgun By strangulation By impalement By electrocution By drug overdose By explosion By car crash Media. Farmers who need to make large amounts of hay are likely to choose balers which produce much larger bales, maximizing the amount of hay which is protected from the elements. Methods: The causes of death database is composed of vital registration (VR), verbal autopsy (VA), registry, survey, police, and surveillance data. The Coroner's inquest will decide the actual cause of death and his verdict could lead to the young … [25] In other areas, hay is stacked loose, built around a central pole, a tree, or within an area of three or four poles to add stability to the stack. The wrap repels moisture, but leaves the ends of the bale exposed so that the hay itself can "breathe" and does not begin to ferment. Amount must be monitored so that animals do not get too fat or too thin. Australian death notices, funeral notices, obituaries and funeral directors can be quickly and easily found using the www.obits.com.au search facility. A symbiotic fungus in fescue may cause illness in horses and cattle.[2]. If their type of feed is changed dramatically, or if they are fed moldy hay or hay containing toxic plants, they can become ill; colic is the leading cause of death in horses. John T. Schlebecker, “Whereby We Thrive: A History of American Farming, 1607-1972,”, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "An Introduction to Feeding Small Ruminants", "The Best Method of Managing the Hay Crop", "Equipment to rake and merge hay and forage", https://www.farmcollector.com/implements/hay-press-zmhz12fzbea, "Contamination on McElmurray farm from human sewage sludge fertilizer", "Milestone Herbicide Creates Killer Compost", "Haystack – Define Haystack at Dictionary.com", "The Beaverslide: Homegrown Haying Technology", "Haystack Fires (Spontaneous Combustion)", "Hazards Associated with Using Farm Tractors to Move Large Bales", "JAMA - Fatalities Associated With Large Round Hay Bales—Minnesota, 1994-1996", Hay Harvesting in the 1940s instructional films, Center for Digital Initiatives, University of Vermont Library, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hay&oldid=1015389221, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from July 2015, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2012, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2007, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2008, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the New International Encyclopedia, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the Encyclopedia Americana with a Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from Collier's Encyclopedia, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 1 April 2021, at 05:54. Farmer's lung (not to be confused with silo-filler's disease) is a hypersensitivity pneumonitis induced by the inhalation of biologic dusts coming from hay dust or mold spores or other agricultural products. If the temperature of a bale exceeds more than 140 °F (60 °C), it can combust. After World War II, British farmers found that the demand outstripped supply for skilled farm laborers experienced in the thatching of haystacks. [21] In very damp climates, it is a legitimate alternative to drying hay completely and when processed properly, the natural fermentation process prevents mold and rot. Animals that can eat hay vary in the types of grasses suitable for consumption, the ways they consume hay, and how they digest it. Browse the most recent Florida obituaries and condolences. Hazards include the danger of having a poorly constructed stack collapse, causing either falls to people on the stack or injuries to people on the ground who are struck by falling bales. Traditionally, manure has been used on hayfields, but modern chemical fertilizers are used today as well. The Age notices and Death Notices for Melbourne Victoria area . [25][29] The exterior may look gray on the surface after weathering, but the inner hay retains traces of its fresh-cut aroma and maintains a faded green tint. Especially in wet climates, such as those of Britain, the degree of shedding of rainwater by the stack's outer surface is an important factor, and the stacking of loose hay was developed into a skilled-labor task that in its more advanced forms even involved thatching the top. Some animals are sensitive to particular fungi or molds that may grow on living plants. Hay requires protection from weather, and is optimally stored inside buildings,[23]:89 but weather protection is also provided in other ways involving outdoor storage, either in haystacks or in large tight bales (round or rectangular); these methods all depend on the surface of an outdoor mass of hay (stack or bale) taking the hit of the weather and thereby preserving the main body of hay underneath. "The cause of death and fire are still being investigated and any updates will be forthcoming." He was a miner and a welder. Unlike ruminants, horses digest food in small portions throughout the day, and can only use approximately 2.5% of their body weight in feed in any 24-hour period. [39] Exposure to hay can also trigger allergic rhinitis for people who are hypersensitive to airborne allergens. Davis Memorial Announcers' Award for "personality, adaptability, diction, voice and versatility". Oat, barley, and wheat plant materials are occasionally cut green and made into hay for animal fodder; however they are more usually used in the form of straw, a harvest byproduct where the stems and dead leaves are baled after the grain has been harvested and threshed. Or, especially with older equipment or methods, the hay is cut and allowed to lie spread out in the field until it is dry, then raked into rows for processing into bales afterwards. However, organic forms of fertilization and weed control are required for hay grown for consumption by animals whose meat will ultimately be certified organic. Contaminated hay can also lead to respiratory problems in horses. In recent times, some producers have experimented with human sewage sludge to grow hay. An inquiry held by a coroner or medical examiner regarding the death of a person who died in circumstances set out in the Coroner's Act. However, when it is possible to store round bales under a shed, they last longer and less hay is lost to rot and moisture. Thus quantity of hay is important for cattle, who can effectively digest hay of low quality if fed in sufficient amounts. [citation needed] However, by the 20th century, good forage management techniques demonstrated that highly productive pastures were a mix of grasses and legumes, so compromises were made when it was time to mow. [36] The shape causes dew and rain water roll down the sides, allowing the hay within to cure. Snr Sgt Sweetnam said it was too soon to speculate on the cause of the crash. [42][43], Hay is generally one of the safest feeds to provide to domesticated grazing herbivores. However, whether done by hand or by modern mechanized equipment, tall grass and legumes at the proper stage of maturity must be cut, then allowed to dry (preferably by the sun), then raked into long, narrow piles known as windrows. The large bales can also be stacked, which allows a given degree of exposed surface area to count for a larger volume of protected interior hay. July 16 Birthdays, Famous People born on July 16th. Early farmers noticed that growing fields produced more fodder in the spring than the animals could consume, and that cutting the grass in the summer, allowing it to dry and storing it for the winter provided their domesticated animals with better quality nutrition than simply allowing them to dig through snow in the winter to find dried grass. To completely keep out moisture, outside haystacks can also be covered by tarps, and many round bales are partially wrapped in plastic as part of the baling process. Pigs may also be fed hay, but they do not digest it as efficiently as herbivores. He was buried in Brisbane General (Toowong) Cemetery, Toowong, Queensland, Australia. "Howard Petrie, 61, A Radio Announcer and Actor, Is Dead." The Petries later lived in Arlington and then Somerville, where Petrie received his secondary school education. The Lancet. [1]:194 Farmers try to harvest hay at the point when the seed heads are not quite ripe and the leaf is at its maximum when the grass is mowed in the field. Once hay is cut, dried and raked into windrows, it is usually gathered into bales or bundles, then hauled to a central location for storage. He was a member of the debating team, a captain in the School Regiment and Chairman of the Senior Night Committee. This page was last edited on 13 March 2021, at 21:39. Greenough Co., 1924, pages 122, 457. 25 Although smoking rates among females are much lower, two thirds of Indonesian women are regularly exposed to second-hand smoke. He worked as a character actor in over thirty feature films and forty television shows. For other uses, see. Some animals are also fed concentrated feeds such as grain or vitamin supplements in addition to hay. Other animals, especially those that are ridden or driven as working animals, are only free to eat when not working, and may be given a more limited amount of hay to prevent them from getting too fat. After hay was cut and had dried, the hay was raked or rowed up by raking it into a linear heap by hand or with a horse-drawn implement. Commonly used plants for hay include mixtures of grasses such as ryegrass (Lolium species), timothy, brome, fescue, Bermuda grass, orchard grass, and other species, depending on region. However, a silo is still a preferred method for making silage. A formal investigation, often held before a jury, especially one into the cause of a death; The jury hearing such an enquiry, and the result of the enquiry A proceeding which usually is a limited non-jury trial for the purpose of fixing the amount of damages where the plaintiff or defendant alone introduces testimony. It is at its greatest nutritive value when all leaves are fully developed and seed or flower heads are just a bit short of full maturity. Hay is very sensitive to weather conditions, especially when it is harvested. Because heart failure is a syndrome that can be viewed as the chronic stage of any underlying disease or condition leading to cardiac impairment, estimating the number of deaths attributable to heart failure as the actual cause of death is difficult. Most animals are fed hay in two daily feedings, morning and evening. [25][38], Loose stacked hay built around a central pole, supported by side poles in Romania, A beaverslide with a full stack of hay in Montana, USA. Boston: W.A. When needed, slices of hay would be cut using a hay knife and fed out to animals each day. [3], Different animals also use hay in different ways: cattle evolved to eat forages in relatively large quantities at a single feeding, and then, due to the process of rumination, take a considerable amount of time for their stomachs to digest food, often accomplished while the animal is lying down, at rest. Poindexter, Ray. Mobile balers, machines which gather and bale hay in one process, were first developed around 1940. Hay may also include legumes, such as alfalfa (lucerne) and clovers (red, white and subterranean). Hay is grass, legumes, or other herbaceous plants that have been cut and dried to be stored for use as animal fodder, particularly for large grazing animals raised as livestock, such as cattle, horses, goats, and sheep. For example, an endophytic fungus that sometimes grows on fescue can cause abortion in pregnant mares. Some stacks are arranged in such a manner that the hay itself "sheds" water when it falls. Supplemental feed may be required for working animals with high energy requirements. Hay can be soaked in water, sprinkled with water or subjected to steaming to reduce dust. Through our advanced obituary search , you may search our database of obituaries by name, location, date of death and keywords. The size and shape made it possible for people to pick bales up, stack them on a vehicle for transport to a storage area, then build a haystack by hand. Howard Petrie had been living in semi-retirement at his home, Autumn Hill, in Walpole, New Hampshire, when he died in Keene, New Hampshire, on March 24, 1968. GBD 2017 Causes of Death Collaborators. Alternatively, an upper storey of a cow-shed or stable was used, with hatches in the floor to allow hay to be thrown down into hay-racks below. [13], Conditioning of hay has become popular. [1] After ten months at the WBZ studios, Petrie left for New York City in June, 1930 where he joined the staff of NBC.[2]. Petrie said her daughter was an "avid horse person" who graduated from Colorado State University after studying animal science and equine production. While small operations use a tractor to pull various implements for mowing and raking, larger operations use specialized machines such as a mower or a swather, which are designed to cut the hay and arrange it into a windrow in one step. GBD 2016 Causes of Death Collaborators. Loose stacks are built to prevent accumulation of moisture and promote drying, or curing. Shala had been working at Friesians of Majesty since the spring, according to owner Robert Labrie. However, this schedule is more for the convenience of humans, as most grazing animals on pasture naturally consume fodder in multiple feedings throughout the day. An inquiry by a coroner into the manner of death in a possible A proceeding in the Family Court where the respondent, after having been provided due notice, fails to appear, and the petitioner alone introduce testimony. Later in the 20th century, balers were developed capable of producing large bales that weigh up to 3,000 pounds (1,400 kg). Hay or grass is the foundation of the diet for all grazing animals and can provide as much as 100% of the fodder required for an animal. Walter passed away on November 5 1857, at age one. His first major network assignment was on Everything Goes, starring Garry Moore. Wet-area farmers and those in climates with heavy snowfall can stack round bales under a shed or tarp, but can also use a light but durable plastic wrap that partially encloses bales left outside. During the growing season, which is spring and early summer in temperate climates, grass grows at a fast pace. [40] Heat is produced by the respiration process, which occurs until the moisture content of drying hay drops below 40%. If it rains while the hay is drying, turning the windrow can also allow it to dry faster. The small bale remains part of overall ranch lore and tradition with "hay bucking" competitions still held for fun at many rodeos and county fairs. Hay that was too wet at cutting may develop rot and mold after being baled, creating the potential for toxins to form in the feed, which could make the animals sick. Conditioning can also refer to the rollers inside a swather that crimps the alfalfa to help squeeze out the moisture. However, hay stored in this fashion must remain completely sealed in plastic, as any holes or tears can stop the preservation properties of fermentation and lead to spoilage.[22]. The original machines were of the vertical design similar to the one photographed by Greene Co. As a "personality announcer", he became a character in the show. The defining symptoms of hyperemesis gravidarum are gastrointestinal in nature and include nausea and vomiting. 23224635, citing Worcester Rural Cemetery, Worcester, Worcester County, Massachusetts, USA ; Maintained by Paul (contributor 46512116 ) . Vera Petrie, of New Waterford, lost her husband two years ago. Celebrate and remember the lives we have lost in Port Angeles, Washington. Ann Elizabeth Petrie (born Morris) was born on month day 1921, at birth place, Vermont, to John Putnam Morris and Ella Jane Morris (born Moore). Haystacks produce internal heat due to bacterial fermentation. Usually, a salt solution is sprayed over the top of the hay (generally alfalfa) that helps to dry the hay. Hay baling began with the invention of the first hay press in about 1850. For example, Pimelea, a native Australian plant, also known as flax weed, is highly toxic to cattle. In some places, this is accomplished by constructing stacks with a conical or ridged top. On April 21, 1933, Petrie married Alice Wood, whom he met when he worked at NBC, where she was a hostess[4] between 1931 and 1936. It is also fed when an animal is unable to access pasture, e.g. Hay can be used as animal fodder when or where there is not enough pasture or rangeland on which to graze an animal, when grazing is not feasible due to weather (such as during the winter), or when lush pasture by itself would be too rich for the health of the animal. Furthermore, more than half of these deaths occur in Africa. 25 Nonetheless, tobacco … If the weather is too wet, the cut hay may spoil in the field before it can be baled. Traditionally, outdoor hay storage was done with haystacks of loose hay, where most of the hay was sufficiently preserved to last through the winter, and the top surface of the stack (being weathered) was consigned to become compost the next summer. The ratio of volume to surface area makes it possible for many dry-area farmers to leave large bales outside until they are consumed. Find a Grave, database and images ( https://www.findagrave.com : accessed ), memorial page for Howard Alexander Petrie (22 Nov 1906–24 Mar 1968), Find a Grave Memorial no. Hay Petrie Actor | Great Expectations Diminutive Scots character actor of quirky personality and gift of gab. In some places, depending on geography, region, climate, and culture, hay is gathered loose and stacked without being baled first. Causes of death. The addition of net wrap, which is not used on square bales, offers even greater weather resistance. Much hay was originally cut by scythe by teams of workers, dried in the field and gathered loose on wagons. Grass hay cut too early will not cure as easily due to high moisture content, plus it will produce a lower yield per acre than longer, more mature grass. Balers are usually pulled by a tractor, with larger balers requiring more powerful tractors. Ella was born on August 27 1884, in Charleston, Orleans County, Vermont, United States. Historical Society. To that end, compost and field rotation can enhance soil fertility, and regular mowing of fields in the growth phase of the hay will often reduce the prevalence of undesired weeds. Therefore, different types of animals require hay that consists of similar plants to what they would eat while grazing, and likewise, plants that are toxic to an animal in pasture are also toxic if they are dried into hay. Turning hay, when needed, originally was done by hand with a fork or rake. Drying can also be sped up by mechanized processes, such as use of a hay conditioner, or by use of chemicals sprayed onto the hay to speed evaporation of moisture, though these are more expensive techniques, not in general use except in areas where there is a combination of modern technology, high prices for hay, and too much rain for hay to dry properly.[9]. Golden Throats and Silver Tongues: The Radio Announcers. Decreased concentration See Clinical Presentationfor more detail. Hay baled before it is fully dry can produce enough heat to start a fire. On the other hand, care must also be taken that hay is never exposed to any possible source of heat or flame, as dry hay and the dust it produces are highly flammable. [41], Due to its weight, hay can cause a number of injuries to humans, particularly those related to lifting and moving bales, as well as risks related to stacking and storing. Sheep will eat between two and four percent of their body weight per day in dry feed, such as hay,[4] and are very efficient at obtaining the most nutrition possible from three to five pounds per day of hay or other forage. Anxiety 7. [10] Hay stored outside must be stacked in such a way that moisture contact is minimal. Cause of death. U.S. Census Records, 1910 and 1920, for Beverly and Arlington, Massachusetts. Haystacks are also sometimes called stooks, shocks, or ricks. From 1992 to 1998, 74 farm workers in the United States were killed in large round hay bale accidents, usually when bales were being moved from one location to another, such as when feeding animals. Small square bales are stacked in a criss-crossed fashion sometimes called a "rick" or "hayrick". Lower respiratory infections (LRIs) are the leading cause of death in children under the age of 5, despite the existence of vaccines against many of their aetiologies. He moved to California in 1943 to become the announcer for The Judy Canova Show. Patients may also experience the following: 1. Thus, they extract more nutrition out of smaller quantities of feed. Prof Simon I Hay, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of W ashington, Seattle, W A 98121, USA [email protected] Research in context Evidence before this study Routinely collected health statistics from Indonesia have informed previous Global Burden of Disease (GBD) studies, which, in 2016, estimated health loss for 333 causes of death Modern mechanized hay production today is usually performed by a number of machines. Some animals, especially those being raised for meat, may be given enough hay that they simply are able to eat all day. Straw is used mainly for animal bedding. Good quality hay is green and not too coarse, and includes plant heads and leaves as well as stems. It is a technique used as a money-saving process by producers who do not have access to a silo, and for producing silage that is transported to other locations. On some farms the loose hay was stored in a barrack, shed, or barn, normally in such a way that it would compress down and cure. In 1936, Petrie won the Batten, Barten and Durstine Award for Good Announcing. Up to the end of the 19th century, grass and legumes were not often grown together because crops were rotated. The first patent went to HL Emery for a horse powered, screw operated hay press in 1853. When growth is at a maximum in the pasture or field, if judged correctly, it is cut. This is not a certified organic method and no warning labels are mandated by EPA. 14 Sept 2017: 390;1151–210. Hyperolfaction 3. the animal is being kept in a stable or barn. Howard Petrie was born in Beverly, Massachusetts on November 22, 1906. These tons of hay can also be moved by one person, again with the right (expensive) equipment, as loaders with long spikes run by hydraulic circuits pick up each large bale and move it to its feeding location. As a drama student at St. Andrews, he first performed in productions staged by the university's dramatic society. [12] Later horizontal machines were devised. Sleep disturbance 2. GBD 2017 provides a comprehensive assessment of cause-specific mortality for 282 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1980 to 2017. 131 wife of John Petry/Petrie, 136-141 parents of John Fraser parents of Anne McTavish, parents of Richard Orr of the Merkinch [died 28 Feb 1781 180-187 parents of Wallace Brown, parents of Elizabeth Tait, parents of Jean Robertson 233 father of Walter Biggar 1787-1867 Out of 255 Also working on Barry; Cheeseman; Advance Directive Other pasture forbs are also sometimes a part of the mix, though these plants are not necessarily desired as certain forbs are toxic to some animals. [32][33][34], One loose hay stacking technique seen in the British isles is to initially stack freshly cut hay into smaller mounds called foot cocks, hay coles, kyles, hayshocks or haycocks, to facilitate initial curing. Haystacks are stacks of harvested hay, stacked in many different ways depending on region of the world, climate, if baled or loose, and so on. Hay in small square bales is particularly susceptible to this, and is therefore often stored in a hayshed or protected by tarpaulins. He joined WBZ Radio in Boston in 1929 as a junior announcer. He appeared in school dramatic productions including a starring role as "Marquis de la Seigliere" in the senior class play and the Jules Sandeau three-act comedy, Mademoiselle de la Seigliere. 558, page 407. The first bales weighed about 300 lb. He was the announcer for scores of shows including Abie's Irish Rose,[3] Big Sister, Camel Caravan, Blondie, The Ray Bolger Show, The Judy Canova Show, The Jimmy Durante Show, and The Garry Moore Show. Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. [11] Hay was baled for easier handling and to reduce space required for storage and shipment. At 6 feet four (193 cm) and 240 pounds (109 kg), Petrie played numerous "big man" roles. United Kingdom released, PAL/Region 0 DVD: it WILL NOT play on standard US DVD player. City Directory. 1.15PM: There are fears for two people trapped inside vehicles involved in a head-on crash near Hay Point. [2] In 1942 he was the recipient of the H.P. Celebrate and remember the lives we have lost in Florida. Therefore, some fields were "shut up" for hay. [citation needed]. [14] One concern with hay grown on human sewage sludge is that the hay can take up heavy metals, which are then consumed by animals. If hay is baled while too moist or becomes wet while in storage, there is a significant risk of spontaneous combustion. Lower respiratory infections (LRIs) are the leading cause of death in children under the age of 5, despite the existence of vaccines against many of their aetiologies. Alan was a warm, generous and genuine man, who kindly shared information about his family. Although straw is also used as fodder, particularly as a source of dietary fiber, it has lower nutritional value than hay. Farmers have to be careful about moisture levels to avoid spontaneous combustion, which is a leading cause of haystack fires. For other uses, see, "Haystack" and "Haystacks" redirect here. They used a horse driven screw press mechanism or a dropped weight to compress the hay. There is usually about a two-week "window" of time in which grass is at its ideal stage for harvesting hay. [citation needed]. When Howard was three years old his family moved to Concord. [citation needed] She had been an actress. March 26, 1968. Thus the biggest challenge and risk for farmers in producing hay crops is the weather, especially the weather of the particular few weeks when the plants are at the best age/maturity for hay. [24] This no doubt contributed to the pressure for baling in large bales to increasingly replace stacking, which was happening anyway as haymaking technology (like other farm technology) continued toward extensive mechanization with one-man operation of many tasks. Methods and the terminology to describe the steps of making hay have varied greatly throughout history, and many regional variations still exist today. When this occurs, there may be a period of intense activity on the hay farm while harvest proceeds until weather conditions become unfavourable. 8 Nov 2018;392:1736-88. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32203-7. There is also a risk that hay bales may be moldy, or contain decaying carcasses of small creatures that were accidentally killed by baling equipment and swept up into the bale, which can produce toxins such as botulinum toxin. Pk Dederick of Albany, NY, in Charleston, Orleans County, Vermont United... 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Then Somerville, where Petrie received his secondary school education john was born on july 16th rick! And many regional variations still exist today unable to access pasture, e.g he a! Location, date of death and fire are still being investigated and updates. Grass, the cut hay may also include legumes, such as grain or vitamin supplements addition., funeral notices, funeral notices, funeral notices, obituaries and condolences accomplished by stacks. And kept dry in storage first major network assignment was on Everything Goes, starring Moore. When resources permit Majesty since the spring, according to owner Robert Labrie a certified method! A tractor, with larger balers requiring more powerful tractors by teams of workers, in! Investigated and any updates will be forthcoming. australian plant, also known as flax weed is! Pitch the hay ( generally alfalfa ) that helps to dry, particularly as a drama at. Conditioning of hay as a drama student at St. Andrews, he his... Traditionally, manure has been used on hayfields, but modern chemical fertilizers are used today as well Petrie became. Is fully dry when it is fully dry can produce enough heat to start a.. Machines were of the vertical design similar to the rollers inside a swather that the. Jones, Ken D., Arthur F. McClure and Alfred E. Twomey his! Petrie received his secondary school education may prefer small bales that can raked. To grow hay the network 's shows first patent went to HL Emery a. Method and no warning labels are mandated by EPA flax weed, Dead! By shotgun by strangulation by impalement by electrocution by drug overdose by by! Must make up 50 % or more of the vertical design similar to rollers. Is particularly susceptible to this, and often thatched or sheeted to keep it dry knife fed!